This is the area I am even more lost with. However, I can see no way for this force to be into the wind. The air is pushed around the sail, which exerts a force (in purple) on the boat. This is my attempt at how this translates into sail. The article seems to suggest you can get away without the Bernoulli effect, but I don't see how. Hence it can never provide a force into the wind. Surely the force applied to the sail, and hence the ship, is always in the direction of the wind. However, I don't understand how this can be. This is also hinted at in the first question. In the sailing explanation, it implies that the Newtonian aspect can be used to explain going into the wind. As the sail is angled in to the wind, you get more "lift" and less "drag" (in plane terms). I understand this in the most simplest sense, a sail perpendicular to the wind will produce a force on the boat proportional to the relative wind speed. Update: It has been said by that the Bernoulli aspect is pretty trivial, so I would like to focus on how the Newtonian part of the force can achieve a force that goes into the wind. ![]() (If people think this would be better as two questions, happy to break it down, but I suspect one or both will be silly) I am (now) aware of the two components that provide the force that moves the boat: The "Newtonian aspect", where the wind collides with the sail and this produces a force and the "Bernoulli aspect" resulting from pressure differences resulting from the air passing around the sail. ![]() Full disclosure: my physics is pretty weak and I've never sailed, but my maths should be sound. I've also been following this explanation which seemed to be helping but I am still confused. What exactly is the 'lift' of a sailboat as explained by Bernoulli principle I am trying to understand the physics behind a single sailed boat.
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